Title Options for Bank Accounts (Arizona)
1. What is the importance of bank account titling?
In the context of estate planning, the way an account is titled is critical. The choice often determines who will inherit the account after the account owner’s death. In many cases, the account owner’s Will or living trust is irrelevant.
For example, consider an account that is titled jointly between Parent and Child A. If Parent dies, Child A inherits the account regardless of whether Parent’s will directs equal distribution to Child A and Child B.
2. What are the ways to title a bank account?
Arizona law permits several ways to title a checking account, savings account, or Certificate of Deposit, whether at a bank or credit union:
3. What is a Pay-on-Death Designation?
A pay-on-death (“POD”) designation is a probate avoidance technique that can be added to the titling of a bank account. If used, the bank will have a record of the death beneficiary for the account. Upon the death of the account owner, assuming the named beneficiary is alive, the funds in the account belong to the beneficiary. If there are multiple beneficiaries, then the funds in the account belong to the named beneficiaries in equal amounts. If there are no surviving named beneficiaries, then the POD designation is disregarded and the funds in the account belong to the estate of the deceased owner; i.e., subject to probate.
4. May an Investment Account have a Pay-on-Death Designation?
Yes, an investment account may have a POD designation, although it is properly described in Arizona as a transfer-on-death (“TOD”) designation. Some financial institutions may use the term “in trust for” (ITF) to describe the same concept as the POD and TOD designations.
5. Why not name Child as joint owner of all accounts owned by Parent?
Many people choose to add a child as joint owner of a bank or credit union account during their lifetime. This is a poor estate planning strategy because:
About the Author
Thomas J. Bouman provides legal counsel in the areas of estate planning, estate settlement, and asset protection. He brings a highly systematic approach to the practice of law, which is critically important when wading through the complex, and often bizarre, legal requirements associated with estate and trust law. Mr. Bouman is author of the Arizona Estate Administration Answer Book and a prominent member of Wealth Counsel, LLC, the nation’s premiere organization of estate planning attorneys.
In the context of estate planning, the way an account is titled is critical. The choice often determines who will inherit the account after the account owner’s death. In many cases, the account owner’s Will or living trust is irrelevant.
For example, consider an account that is titled jointly between Parent and Child A. If Parent dies, Child A inherits the account regardless of whether Parent’s will directs equal distribution to Child A and Child B.
2. What are the ways to title a bank account?
Arizona law permits several ways to title a checking account, savings account, or Certificate of Deposit, whether at a bank or credit union:
- Single party account. This type of account is owned by an individual person. If the owner dies, the account is subject to probate and would be distributed in accordance with the account owner’s Will.
- Single party account with pay-on-death designation. Also owned by an individual person, this account is paid directly to the named beneficiary upon the account owner’s death.
- Multiple party account without right of survivorship. This type of account is owned by two or more persons. If one of the owners dies, the surviving owner or owners still have access to the account, but the portion contributed by the deceased owner is subject to probate.
- Multiple party account with right of survivorship. Also owned by multiple persons, this account passes without restriction to the surviving owner or owners. When there are no surviving owners, the account is subject to probate and would be distributed in accordance with the Will belonging to the last owner to die.
- Multiple party account with right of survivorship and pay-on-death designation. This type of account adds a pay-on-death designation, which pays the account directly to the named beneficiary when all account owners have died.
- Trust. This type of account is technically held by a trustee. Upon the incapacity or death of the trustee, control of the account will transfer to a successor trustee in accordance with provisions outlined in the trust document.
3. What is a Pay-on-Death Designation?
A pay-on-death (“POD”) designation is a probate avoidance technique that can be added to the titling of a bank account. If used, the bank will have a record of the death beneficiary for the account. Upon the death of the account owner, assuming the named beneficiary is alive, the funds in the account belong to the beneficiary. If there are multiple beneficiaries, then the funds in the account belong to the named beneficiaries in equal amounts. If there are no surviving named beneficiaries, then the POD designation is disregarded and the funds in the account belong to the estate of the deceased owner; i.e., subject to probate.
4. May an Investment Account have a Pay-on-Death Designation?
Yes, an investment account may have a POD designation, although it is properly described in Arizona as a transfer-on-death (“TOD”) designation. Some financial institutions may use the term “in trust for” (ITF) to describe the same concept as the POD and TOD designations.
5. Why not name Child as joint owner of all accounts owned by Parent?
Many people choose to add a child as joint owner of a bank or credit union account during their lifetime. This is a poor estate planning strategy because:
- Exposes the parent’s assets to the child’s creditors. If the child is sued, the child must disclose the joint account to the court and plaintiff's attorney. The burden falls on the child to convince a court that the child contributed nothing and that the account really belongs to the parent. Similarly, the account would be a reportable asset if the child filed for bankruptcy.
- Eliminates the fiduciary duty a child would otherwise have. A child as joint owner has no fiduciary duty to manage the account in the best interest of the parent. By naming the child as agent or trustee, the fiduciary duty is maintained so that misuse of funds by the child remains a crime punishable by law.
- Parent loses full control of the account. Although intended to facilitate a child helping the parent, a controlling child or the jealousy of other siblings could spoil the arrangement. Similarly, if the child needs money, there is nothing to prevent the child from taking it without permission.
- Assumes the child is a saint. The parent can only hope the child “does the right thing” and uses the joint account to pay estate bills and then shares it with other beneficiaries as directed in the parent’s Will or living trust. The child’s attorney would be correct under the law to counsel the child otherwise
- Creates potential eligibility penalties upon application for ALTCS. The parent must report gifts made within the prior 5 years when applying for long term care benefits through the ALTCS program (Arizona Long Term Care System- a component of Medicaid). Naming a child as joint owner may be interpreted as a gift that triggers a penalty and delays the start of benefits.
About the Author
Thomas J. Bouman provides legal counsel in the areas of estate planning, estate settlement, and asset protection. He brings a highly systematic approach to the practice of law, which is critically important when wading through the complex, and often bizarre, legal requirements associated with estate and trust law. Mr. Bouman is author of the Arizona Estate Administration Answer Book and a prominent member of Wealth Counsel, LLC, the nation’s premiere organization of estate planning attorneys.